Patents give inventors and their Biotech companies credit for hard work by protecting them from business competition for a time.

Patent Lawyer - A lawyer that writes or defends patents covering inventions and intellectual property. Typically, the patent lawyer assists scientists in formulating and writing patents. If the patent is challenged by a competitor or the government, then hearings and court actions must prove that the invention is new, novel, and non-obvious.

Education Level: B.S./B.A. then J.D. degree and pass the bar examination.

Patent Agent - A person that passes government Patent Agent test (instead of a J.D.). Typically, the Agent writes patents or identifies new technologies suitable for patenting. Typically works in association with a biotech company or a law firm. Many are Scientists that changed their career path; their science background is a great asset.

Education Level: B.S./B.A. then pass Agent test.

Patent Examiner - A government employee of the Patent and Trademark Office that officially rules if an invention deserves a patent.

Education Level: Usually a more senior patent lawyer or agent (see above) with much experience AND a good science background.

Special qualities: Ability to understand both existing patents and science discoveries to discern what is new and useful according to the law and the real world; using computerized search programs is needed for thorough investigation. Good written communication skills are key to develop patent claims that clearly describe and protect a new invention.